Android Advanced Interview Questions And Answers

Q)Explain  Service vs intent service ?

When to use?

• The Service can be used in tasks with no UI, but shouldn't be too long. If you need to perform long tasks, you must use threads within Service.
• The IntentService can be used in long tasks usually with no communication to Main Thread. If communication is required, can use Main Thread handler or broadcast intents. Another case of use is when callbacks are needed (Intent triggered tasks).

How to trigger?

• The Service is triggered calling to method onStartService().
• The IntentService is triggered using an Intent, it spawns a new worker thread and the method onHandleIntent() is called on this thread.

Triggered From

• The Service may be triggered from any thread.
• The IntentService must be triggered from Main Thread.

Runs On

• The Service runs in background but it runs on the Main Thread of the application.
• The IntentService runs on a separate worker thread.

Limitations / Drawbacks

• The Service may block the Main Thread of the application.
• The IntentService cannot run tasks in parallel. Hence all the consecutive intents will go into the message queue for the worker thread and will execute sequentially.

q) Difference between Service , Thread , IntentService, AsyncTask ?

	Service	Thread	IntentService	AsyncTask
When to use ?	Task with no UI, but shouldn't be too long. Use threads within service for long tasks.	- Long task in general. - For tasks in parallel use Multiple threads (traditional mechanisms)	- Long task usually with no communication to main thread. (Update)- If communication is required, can use main thread handler or broadcast intents - When callbacks are needed (Intent triggered tasks).	- Long task having to communicate with main thread. - For tasks in parallel use multiple instances OR Executor
Trigger	Call to method onStartService()	Thread start() method	Intent	Call to method execute()
Triggered From (thread)	Any thread	Any Thread	Main Thread (Intent is received on main thread and then worker thread is spawed)	Main Thread
Runs On (thread)	Main Thread	Its own thread	Separate worker thread	Worker thread. However, Main thread methods may be invoked in between to publish progress.
Limitations / Drawbacks	May block main thread	- Manual thread management - Code may become difficult to read	- Cannot run tasks in parallel. - Multiple intents are queued on the same worker thread.	- one instance can only be executed once (hence cannot run in a loop) - Must be created and executed from the Main thread

Some Android Advance Concept Links

1) Android Content Providers :

http://tutorials-android.blogspot.in/2012/04/create-custom-or-own-content-provider.html

Details Explanation about Content providers :

https://thenewcircle.com/s/post/1375/android_content_provider_tutorial

2). Drawing with XML. 

Drawing with XML means create Some Custom Button with user defined colors and user defined Back grounds using XML 

 http://tutorials-android.blogspot.in/2011/03/android-button-highlight.html

3) CANVAS Drawing Example ( this is Some sample project )

http://tutorials-android.blogspot.in/2013/11/android-simple-hand-drawing-on-canvas.html

4)  Working with Google maps Extensions. ( this is Sample Basic Application )

http://www.androidhive.info/2013/08/android-working-with-google-maps-v2/

5) Managing HTTP Calls. 

http://www.vogella.com/articles/AndroidNetworking/article.html

6)

A)  Make phone call 

http://tutorials-android.blogspot.in/2012/04/how-to-make-phone-call-from-your.html

b) Send SMS 

http://tutorials-android.blogspot.in/2013/11/how-to-send-sms-message-in-android.html

C) Check Network Connection 

http://tutorials-android.blogspot.in/2011/09/android-how-to-check-network-statusboth.html

How To Send SMS Message In Android

In Android, you can use SmsManager API or device’s Built-in SMS application to send a SMS message. In this tutorial, we show you two basic examples to send SMS message :

1. SmsManager API

   	SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
   	smsManager.sendTextMessage("phoneNo", null, "sms message", null, null);

2. Built-in SMS application

   	Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
   	sendIntent.putExtra("sms_body", "default content"); 
   	sendIntent.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
   	startActivity(sendIntent);

Of course, both need SEND_SMS permission.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

P.S This project is developed in Eclipse 3.7, and tested with Samsung Galaxy S2 (Android 2.3.3).

Note
The Built-in SMS application solution is the easiest way, because you let device handle everything for you.

1. SmsManager Example

Android layout file to textboxes (phone no, sms message) and button to send the SMS message.

File : res/layout/main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/linearLayout1"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewPhoneNo"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Enter Phone Number : "
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />
 
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editTextPhoneNo"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:phoneNumber="true" >
    </EditText>
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewSMS"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Enter SMS Message : "
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />
 
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editTextSMS"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:inputType="textMultiLine"
        android:lines="5"
        android:gravity="top" />
 
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonSend"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send" />
 
</LinearLayout>

File : SendSMSActivity.java – Activity to send SMS via SmsManager.

package com.mkyong.android;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
 
public class SendSMSActivity extends Activity {
 
	Button buttonSend;
	EditText textPhoneNo;
	EditText textSMS;
 
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
 
		buttonSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonSend);
		textPhoneNo = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextPhoneNo);
		textSMS = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextSMS);
 

// main Logic to Send SMS 

	buttonSend.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {


 @Override

public void onClick(View v) {
String phoneNo = textPhoneNo.getText().toString();
String sms = textSMS.getText().toString();
try {
SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
smsManager.sendTextMessage(phoneNo, null, sms, null, null);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "SMS Sent!",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"SMS faild, please try again later!",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 }
}
});
	}
}

File : AndroidManifest.xml , need SEND_SMS permission.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.mkyong.android"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >
 
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
 
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
 
    <application
        android:debuggable="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <activity
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:name=".SendSMSActivity" >
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
 
</manifest>

See demo :

To call Built in Application in Your Activity

try {
Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); sendIntent.putExtra("sms_body", "default content"); sendIntent.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); startActivity(sendIntent);
} catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"SMS faild, please try again later!",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); e.printStackTrace(); }